50 CFR § 10.13 - List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

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§ 10.13 List of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.

(a) Legal authority for this list. The legal authorities for this list are the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 U.S.C. 703712), the Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a742j). The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as follows:

(1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain [on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended;

(2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended;

(3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and

(4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment, November 19, 1976, 20 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073).

(b) Purpose of this list. The purpose is to inform the public of the species protected by regulations that enforce the terms of the MBTA. These regulations, found in parts 10, 20, and 21 of this chapter, cover most aspects of the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds.

(c) What species are protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act? Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological Society (AOS)) Checklist of North American birds (1998, as amended through 2021). For species not treated by the AOS Checklist, we generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2007, as updated through 2021).

(1) Alphabetical listing. The table lists species alphabetically by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the common name.

Table 1 to Paragraph (c)(1)—Alphabetical Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act

Common name group Species common name Species scientific name
Accentor Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella.
'Akeke'e 'Akeke'e Loxops caeruleirostris.
'Akepa Hawaii 'Akepa Loxops coccineus.
Maui 'Akepa Loxops ochraceus.
O'ahu 'Akepa Loxops wolstenholmei.
'Akialoa Kauai 'Akialoa Akialoa stejnegeri.
Maui Nui 'Akialoa Akialoa lanaiensis.
O'ahu 'Akialoa Akialoa ellisiana.
'Akiapola'au 'Akiapola'au Hemignathus wilsoni.
'Akikiki 'Akikiki Oreomystis bairdi.
'Akohekohe 'Akohekohe Palmeria dolei.
'Alauahio Maui 'Alauahio Paroreomyza montana.
O'ahu 'Alauahio Paroreomyza maculata.
Albatross Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris.
Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria nigripes.
Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita.
Laysan Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis.
Light-mantled Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata.
Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche salvini.
Short-tailed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus.
Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans.
White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta.
Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos.
'Amakihi Hawaii 'Amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens.
Kaua'i 'Amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri.
O'ahu 'Amakihi Chlorodrepanis flava.
Anhinga Anhinga Anhinga anhinga.
Ani Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris.
Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani.
'Anianiau 'Anianiau Magumma parva.
'Apapane 'Apapane Himatione sanguinea.
Auklet Cassin's Auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus.
Crested Auklet Aethia cristatella.
Least Auklet Aethia pusilla.
Parakeet Auklet Aethia psittacula.
Rhinoceros Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata.
Whiskered Auklet Aethia pygmaea.
Avocet American Avocet Recurvirostra americana.
Bananaquit Bananaquit Coereba flaveola.
Bean-Goose Taiga Bean-Goose Anser fabalis.
Tundra Bean-Goose Anser serrirostris.
Beardless-Tyrannulet Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma imberbe.
Becard Gray-collared Becard Pachyramphus major.
Rose-throated Becard Pachyramphus aglaiae.
Bittern American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus.
Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis.
Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis.
Schrenck's Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus.
Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis.
Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus.
Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus.
Rusty Blackbird Euphagus carolinus.
Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius humeralis.
Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius tricolor.
Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.
Yellow-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius xanthomus.
Bluebird Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis.
Mountain Bluebird Sialia currucoides.
Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana.
Bluetail Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus.
Bluethroat Bluethroat Cyanecula svecica.
Bobolink Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus.
Boobook Northern Boobook Ninox japonica.
Booby Abbott's Booby Papasula abbotti.
Blue-footed Booby Sula nebouxii.
Brown Booby Sula leucogaster.
Masked Booby Sula dactylatra.
Nazca Booby Sula granti.
Red-footed Booby Sula sula.
Brambling Brambling Fringilla montifringilla.
Brant Brant Branta bernicla.
Bufflehead Bufflehead Bucephala albeola.
Bullfinch Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula.
Puerto Rican Bullfinch Melopyrrha portoricensis.
Bunting Blue Bunting Cyanocompsa parellina.
Gray Bunting Emberiza variabilis.
Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea.
Lark Bunting Calamospiza melanocorys.
Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena.
Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla.
McKay's Bunting Plectrophenax hyperboreus.
Painted Bunting Passerina ciris.
Pallas's Bunting Emberiza pallasi.
Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos.
Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus.
Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica.
Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis.
Varied Bunting Passerina versicolor.
Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola.
Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys.
Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza elegans.
Bushtit Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus.
Buzzard Gray-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus.
Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus.
Canvasback Canvasback Aythya valisineria.
Caracara Crested Caracara Caracara plancus.
Cardinal Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis.
Carib Green-throated Carib Eulampis holosericeus.
Purple-throated Carib Eulampis jugularis.
Catbird Black Catbird Melanoptila glabrirostris.
Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis.
Chaffinch Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs.
Chat Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens.
Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee Poecile atricapillus.
Boreal Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus.
Carolina Chickadee Poecile carolinensis.
Chestnut-backed Chickadee Poecile rufescens.
Gray-headed Chickadee Poecile cinctus.
Mexican Chickadee Poecile sclateri.
Mountain Chickadee Poecile gambeli.
Chiffchaff Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita.
Chuck-will's-widow Chuck-will's-widow Antrostomus carolinensis.
Condor California Condor Gymnogyps californianus.
Coot American Coot Fulica americana.
Eurasian Coot Fulica atra.
Hawaiian Coot Fulica alai.
Cormorant Brandt's Cormorant Urile penicillatus.
Double-crested Cormorant Nannopterum auritum.
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo.
Little Pied Cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos.
Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum.
Pelagic Cormorant Urile pelagicus.
Red-faced Cormorant Urile urile.
Cowbird Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus.
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater.
Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis.
Crake Corn Crake Crex crex.
Paint-billed Crake Neocrex erythrops.
Spotless Crake Porzana tabuensis.
Yellow-breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer.
Crane Common Crane Grus grus.
Hooded Crane Grus monacha.
Sandhill Crane Antigone canadensis.
Whooping Crane Grus americana.
Creeper Brown Creeper Certhia americana.
Hawaii Creeper Loxops mana.
Crossbill Cassia Crossbill Loxia sinesciuris.
Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra.
White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera.
Crow American Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos.
Fish Crow Corvus ossifragus.
Hawaiian Crow Corvus hawaiiensis.
Mariana Crow Corvus kubaryi.
Tamaulipas Crow Corvus imparatus.
White-necked Crow Corvus leucognaphalus.
Cuckoo Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus.
Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus.
Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus.
Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus.
Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus minor.
Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus optatus.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus.
Curlew Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius tahitiensis.
Eskimo Curlew Numenius borealis.
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata.
Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis.
Little Curlew Numenius minutus.
Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus.
Dickcissel Dickcissel Spiza americana.
Dipper American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus.
Dotterel Eurasian Dotterel Charadrius morinellus.
Dove Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina.
Inca Dove Columbina inca.
Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura.
Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti.
Shy Ground Dove Alopecoenas stairi.
White-throated Ground Dove Alopecoenas xanthonurus.
White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi.
White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica.
Zenaida Dove Zenaida aurita.
Dovekie Dovekie Alle alle.
Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus.
Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus.
Duck American Black Duck Anas rubripes.
Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha.
Falcated Duck Mareca falcata.
Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus.
Hawaiian Duck Anas wyvilliana.
Laysan Duck Anas laysanensis.
Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis.
Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus.
Mexican Duck Anas diazi.
Mottled Duck Anas fulvigula.
Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata.
Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa.
Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris.
Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis.
Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula.
Wood Duck Aix sponsa.
Dunlin Dunlin Calidris alpina.
Eagle Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus.
Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos.
White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla.
Egret Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis.
Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes.
Great Egret Ardea alba.
Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia.
Little Egret Egretta garzetta.
Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens.
Snowy Egret Egretta thula.
Eider Common Eider Somateria mollissima.
King Eider Somateria spectabilis.
Spectacled Eider Somateria fischeri.
Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri.
Elaenia Caribbean Elaenia Elaenia martinica.
Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata.
Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia parvirostris.
White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps.
Emerald Puerto Rican Emerald Riccordia maugaeus.
Euphonia Antillean Euphonia Chlorophonia musica.
Falcon Amur Falcon Falco amurensis.
Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis.
Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus.
Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus.
Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus.
Fieldfare Fieldfare Turdus pilaris.
Finch Cassin's Finch Haemorhous cassinii.
House Finch Haemorhous mexicanus.
Laysan Finch Telespiza cantans.
Nihoa Finch Telespiza ultima.
Purple Finch Haemorhous purpureus.
Flamingo American Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber.
Flicker Gilded Flicker Colaptes chrysoides.
Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus.
Flycatcher Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens.
Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum.
Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens.
Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica.
Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus.
Buff-breasted Flycatcher Empidonax fulvifrons.
Cordilleran Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalis.
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus.
Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica.
Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri.
Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana.
Gray Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii.
Gray-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa griseisticta.
Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus.
Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii.
La Sagra's Flycatcher Myiarchus sagrae.
Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus.
Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki.
Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula narcissina.
Nutting's Flycatcher Myiarchus nuttingi.
Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi.
Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis.
Pine Flycatcher Empidonax affinis.
Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius.
Puerto Rican Flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum.
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus.
Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis.
Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata.
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris.
Taiga Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla.
Tufted Flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus.
Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius.
Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus.
Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii.
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris.
Forest-Falcon Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus.
Frigatebird Great Frigatebird Fregata minor.
Lesser Frigatebird Fregata ariel.
Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens.
Fruit-Dove Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus porphyraceus.
Many-colored Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus perousii.
Mariana Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla.
Fulmar Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis.
Gadwall Gadwall Mareca strepera.
Gallinule Azure Gallinule Porphyrio flavirostris.
Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata.
Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus.
Gannet Northern Gannet Morus bassanus.
Garganey Garganey Spatula querquedula.
Giant-Petrel Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli.
Gnatcatcher Black-capped Gnatcatcher Polioptila nigriceps.
Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Polioptila melanura.
Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea.
California Gnatcatcher Polioptila californica.
Godwit Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica.
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa.
Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica.
Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa.
Goldeneye Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica.
Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula.
Golden-Plover American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica.
European Golden-Plover Pluvialis apricaria.
Pacific Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva.
Goldfinch American Goldfinch Spinus tristis.
Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei.
Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria.
Goose Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis.
Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii.
Canada Goose Branta canadensis.
Emperor Goose Anser canagicus.
Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons.
Hawaiian Goose Branta sandvicensis.
Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus.
Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus.
Ross's Goose Anser rossii.
Snow Goose Anser caerulescens.
Goshawk Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis.
Grackle Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus major.
Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula.
Greater Antillean Grackle Quiscalus niger.
Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus.
Grassquit Black-faced Grassquit Melanospiza bicolor.
Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus.
Grebe Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii.
Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis.
Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus.
Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus.
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps.
Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena.
Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis.
Greenfinch Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica.
Greenshank Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia.
Nordmann's Greenshank Tringa guttifer.
Grosbeak Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus.
Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea.
Crimson-collared Grosbeak Rhodothraupis celaeno.
Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus.
Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus.
Yellow Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysopeplus.
Guillemot Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle.
Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba.
Gull Belcher's Gull Larus belcheri.
Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus.
Black-tailed Gull Larus crassirostris.
Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia.
California Gull Larus californicus.
Common Gull Larus canus.
Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan.
Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus.
Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens.
Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus.
Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus.
Heermann's Gull Larus heermanni.
Herring Gull Larus argentatus.
Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides.
Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea.
Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus.
Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla.
Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus.
Little Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus.
Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus.
Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis.
Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea.
Sabine's Gull Xema sabini.
Short-billed Gull Larus brachyrhynchus.
Slaty-backed Gull Larus schistisagus.
Swallow-tailed Gull Creagrus furcatus.
Western Gull Larus occidentalis.
Yellow-footed Gull Larus livens.
Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis.
Gyrfalcon Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus.
Harrier Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius.
Hawfinch Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes.
Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus.
Common Black Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus.
Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii.
Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens.
Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis.
Gray Hawk Buteo plagiatus.
Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga.
Harris's Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus.
Hawaiian Hawk Buteo solitarius.
Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus.
Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis.
Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris.
Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus.
Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus.
Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus.
Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni.
White-tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus.
Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus.
Hawk-Cuckoo Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor.
Heron Gray Heron Ardea cinerea.
Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias.
Green Heron Butorides virescens.
Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea.
Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor.
Hobby Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo.
Honeycreeper Laysan Honeycreeper Himatione fraithii.
Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus.
Hoopoe Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops.
House-Martin Common House-Martin Delichon urbicum.
Hummingbird Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin.
Anna's Hummingbird Calypte anna.
Antillean Crested Hummingbird Orthorhyncus cristatus.
Berylline Hummingbird Saucerottia beryllina.
Black-chinned Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri.
Broad-billed Hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris.
Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus.
Buff-bellied Hummingbird Amazilia yucatanensis.
Bumblebee Hummingbird Selasphorus heloisa.
Calliope Hummingbird Selasphorus calliope.
Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia rutila.
Costa's Hummingbird Calypte costae.
Lucifer Hummingbird Calothorax lucifer.
Rivoli's Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens.
Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris.
Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus.
Vervain Hummingbird Mellisuga minima.
Violet-crowned Hummingbird Ramosomyia violiceps.
White-eared Hummingbird Basilinna leucotis.
Xantus's Hummingbird Basilinna xantusii.
Ibis Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus.
Scarlet Ibis Eudocimus ruber.
White Ibis Eudocimus albus.
White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi.
'I'iwi 'I'iwi Drepanis coccinea.
Imperial-Pigeon Pacific Imperial-Pigeon Ducula pacifica.
Jabiru Jabiru Jabiru mycteria.
Jacana Northern Jacana Jacana spinosa.
Jackdaw Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus monedula.
Jaeger Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus.
Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus.
Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus.
Jay Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata.
Brown Jay Psilorhinus morio.
Canada Jay Perisoreus canadensis.
Green Jay Cyanocorax yncas.
Mexican Jay Aphelocoma wollweberi.
Pinyon Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus.
Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri.
Junco Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis.
Yellow-eyed Junco Junco phaeonotus.
Kākāwahie Kākāwahie Paroreomyza flammea.
Kāma'o Kāma'o Myadestes myadestinus.
Kestrel American Kestrel Falco sparverius.
Eurasian Kestrel Falco tinnunculus.
Killdeer Killdeer Charadrius vociferus.
Kingbird Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans.
Couch's Kingbird Tyrannus couchii.
Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus.
Gray Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis.
Loggerhead Kingbird Tyrannus caudifasciatus.
Thick-billed Kingbird Tyrannus crassirostris.
Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus.
Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis.
Kingfisher Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona.
Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon.
Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis.
Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana.
Guam Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus.
Mariana Kingfisher Todiramphus albicilla.
Pacific Kingfisher Todiramphus sacer.
Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata.
Kinglet Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet Corthylio calendula.
Kiskadee Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus.
Kite Black Kite Milvus migrans.
Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus.
Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus.
Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis.
Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis.
Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus.
White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus.
Kittiwake Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla.
Red-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris.
Knot Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris.
Red Knot Calidris canutus.
Koel Long-tailed Koel Urodynamis taitensis.
Lapwing Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus.
Lark Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris.
Limpkin Limpkin Aramus guarauna.
Lizard-Cuckoo Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo Coccyzus vieilloti.
Longspur Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius ornatus.
Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus.
Smith's Longspur Calcarius pictus.
Thick-billed Longspur Rhynchophanes mccownii.
Loon Arctic Loon Gavia arctica.
Common Loon Gavia immer.
Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica.
Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata.
Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii.
Magpie Black-billed Magpie Pica hudsonia.
Yellow-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli.
Mallard Mallard Anas platyrhynchos.
Mango Puerto Rican Mango Anthracothorax aurulentus.
Green Mango Anthracothorax viridis.
Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii.
Marsh-Harrier Eastern Marsh-Harrier Circus spilonotus.
Martin Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera.
Caribbean Martin Progne dominicensis.
Cuban Martin Progne cryptoleuca.
Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea.
Purple Martin Progne subis.
Southern Martin Progne elegans.
Meadowlark Chihuahuan Meadowlark Sturnella lilianae.
Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna.
Western Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta.
Merganser Common Merganser Mergus merganser.
Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus.
Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator.
Merlin Merlin Falco columbarius.
Millerbird Millerbird Acrocephalus familiaris.
Mockingbird Bahama Mockingbird Mimus gundlachii.
Blue Mockingbird Melanotis caerulescens.
Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos.
Moorhen Eurasian Moorhen Gallinula chloropus.
Mountain-gem Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis amethystinus.
Blue-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis clemenciae.
Murre Common Murre Uria aalge.
Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia.
Murrelet Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus.
Craveri's Murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri.
Guadalupe Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus.
Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris.
Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus perdix.
Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus.
Scripps's Murrelet Synthliboramphus scrippsi.
Needletail White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus.
Nighthawk Antillean Nighthawk Chordeiles gundlachii.
Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor.
Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis.
Night-Heron Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax.
Japanese Night-Heron Gorsachius goisagi.
Malayan Night-Heron Gorsachius melanolophus.
Nankeen Night-Heron Nycticorax caledonicus.
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea.
Nightingale-Thrush Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus mexicanus.
Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris.
Nightjar Buff-collared Nightjar Antrostomus ridgwayi.
Gray Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka.
Puerto Rican Nightjar Antrostomus noctitherus.
White-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis cayennensis.
Noddy Black Noddy Anous minutus.
Blue-gray Noddy Anous ceruleus.
Brown Noddy Anous stolidus.
Nukupu'u Kauai Nukupu'u Hemignathus hanapepe.
Maui Nukupu'u Hemignathus affinis.
O'ahu Nukupu'u Hemignathus lucidus.
Nutcracker Clark's Nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana.
Nuthatch Brown-headed Nuthatch Sitta pusilla.
Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea.
Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis.
White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis.
Oloma'o Oloma'o Myadestes lanaiensis.
'Ōma'o 'Ōma'o Myadestes obscurus.
Oriole Altamira Oriole Icterus gularis.
Audubon's Oriole Icterus graduacauda.
Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula.
Black-backed Oriole Icterus abeillei.
Black-vented Oriole Icterus wagleri.
Bullock's Oriole Icterus bullockii.
Hooded Oriole Icterus cucullatus.
Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius.
Puerto Rican Oriole Icterus portoricensis.
Scott's Oriole Icterus parisorum.
Streak-backed Oriole Icterus pustulatus.
Osprey Osprey Pandion haliaetus.
'Ō'ū 'Ō'ū Psittirostra psittacea.
Ovenbird Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla.
Owl Barn Owl Tyto alba.
Barred Owl Strix varia.
Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus.
Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia.
Elf Owl Micrathene whitneyi.
Flammulated Owl Psiloscops flammeolus.
Great Gray Owl Strix nebulosa.
Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus.
Long-eared Owl Asio otus.
Mottled Owl Strix virgata.
Northern Hawk Owl Surnia ulula.
Northern Saw-whet Owl Aegolius acadicus.
Puerto Rican Owl Gymnasio nudipes.
Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus.
Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus.
Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis.
Stygian Owl Asio stygius.
Oystercatcher American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus.
Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani.
Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus.
Palila Palila Loxioides bailleui.
Palm-Swift Antillean Palm-Swift Tachornis phoenicobia.
Parrotbill Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys.
Parula Northern Parula Setophaga americana.
Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi.
Pauraque Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis.
Pelican American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.
Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis.
Petrel Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow.
Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata.
Black-winged Petrel Pterodroma nigripennis.
Bonin Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca.
Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii.
Cook's Petrel Pterodroma cookii.
Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae.
Gould's Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera.
Gray-faced Petrel Pterodroma gouldi.
Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis.
Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica.
Jouanin's Petrel Bulweria fallax.
Juan Fernandez Petrel Pterodroma externa.
Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma neglecta.
Mottled Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata.
Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma ultima.
Parkinson's Petrel Procellaria parkinsoni.
Phoenix Petrel Pterodroma alba.
Providence Petrel Pterodroma solandri.
Stejneger's Petrel Pterodroma longirostris.
Tahiti Petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata.
Trindade Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana.
White-chinned Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis.
White-necked Petrel Pterodroma cervicalis.
Zino's Petrel Pterodroma madeira.
Pewee Cuban Pewee Contopus caribaeus.
Greater Pewee Contopus pertinax.
Hispaniolan Pewee Contopus hispaniolensis.
Lesser Antillean Pewee Contopus latirostris.
Phainopepla Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens.
Phalarope Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius.
Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus.
Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor.
Phoebe Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans.
Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe.
Say's Phoebe Sayornis saya.
Pigeon Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata.
Plain Pigeon Patagioenas inornata.
Red-billed Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris.
Scaly-naped Pigeon Patagioenas squamosa.
White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala.
Pintail Northern Pintail Anas acuta.
White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis.
Pipit American Pipit Anthus rubescens.
Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni.
Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi.
Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus.
Sprague's Pipit Anthus spragueii.
Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis.
Plover Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola.
Collared Plover Charadrius collaris.
Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula.
Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus.
Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius.
Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus.
Piping Plover Charadrius melodus.
Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus.
Snowy Plover Charadrius nivosus.
Wilson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia.
Pochard Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri.
Common Pochard Aythya ferina.
Pond-Heron Chinese Pond-Heron Ardeola bacchus.
Poorwill Common Poorwill Phalaenoptilus nuttallii.
Po'ouli Po'ouli Melamprosops phaeosoma.
Puaiohi Puaiohi Myadestes palmeri.
Puffin Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica.
Horned Puffin Fratercula corniculata.
Tufted Puffin Fratercula cirrhata.
Pygmy-Owl Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum.
Northern Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium gnoma.
Pyrrhuloxia Pyrrhuloxia Cardinalis sinuatus.
Quail-Dove Bridled Quail-Dove Geotrygon mystacea.
Key West Quail-Dove Geotrygon chrysia.
Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana.
Quetzal Eared Quetzal Euptilotis neoxenus.
Rail Black Rail Laterallus jamaicensis.
Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis.
Clapper Rail Rallus crepitans.
Guam Rail Gallirallus owstoni.
King Rail Rallus elegans.
Ridgway's Rail Rallus obsoletus.
Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus.
Virginia Rail Rallus limicola.
Yellow Rail Coturnicops noveboracensis.
Raven Chihuahuan Raven Corvus cryptoleucus.
Common Raven Corvus corax.
Razorbill Razorbill Alca torda.
Redhead Redhead Aythya americana.
Redpoll Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea.
Hoary Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni.
Redshank Common Redshank Tringa totanus.
Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus.
Redstart American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla.
Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
Painted Redstart Myioborus pictus.
Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus.
Redwing Redwing Turdus iliacus.
Reef-Heron Pacific Reef-Heron Egretta sacra.
Western Reef-Heron Egretta gularis.
Roadrunner Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus.
Robin American Robin Turdus migratorius.
European Robin Erithacus rubecula.
Rufous-backed Robin Turdus rufopalliatus.
Rufous-tailed Robin Larvivora sibilans.
Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane.
Rock-Thrush Blue Rock-Thrush Monticola solitarius.
Rosefinch Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus.
Pallas's Rosefinch Carpodacus roseus.
Rosy-Finch Asian Rosy-Finch Leucosticte arctoa.
Black Rosy-Finch Leucosticte atrata.
Brown-capped Rosy-Finch Leucosticte australis.
Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis.
Rubythroat Siberian Rubythroat Calliope calliope.
Ruff Ruff Calidris pugnax.
Sanderling Sanderling Calidris alba.
Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii.
Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis.
Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos.
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea.
Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus.
Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla.
Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis.
Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos.
Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima.
Rock Sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis.
Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata.
Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria.
Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmea.
Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius.
Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus.
Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus.
Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda.
Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri.
White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis.
Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola.
Sand-Plover Greater Sand-Plover Charadrius leschenaultii.
Lesser Sand-Plover Charadrius mongolus.
Sapsucker Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber.
Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis.
Williamson's Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius.
Scaup Greater Scaup Aythya marila.
Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis.
Scops-Owl Oriental Scops-Owl Otus sunia.
Scoter Black Scoter Melanitta americana.
Common Scoter Melanitta nigra.
Stejneger's Scoter Melanitta stejneger.
Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata.
White-winged Scoter Melanitta deglandi.
Screech-Owl Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops asio.
Western Screech-Owl Megascops kennicottii.
Whiskered Screech-Owl Megascops trichopsis.
Scrub-Jay California Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica.
Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens.
Island Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma insularis.
Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma woodhouseii.
Sea-Eagle Steller's Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus.
Seedeater Morelet's Seedeater Sporophila morelleti.
Shearwater Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri.
Barolo Shearwater Puffinus baroli.
Black-vented Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas.
Bryan's Shearwater Puffinus bryani.
Buller's Shearwater Ardenna bulleri.
Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii.
Christmas Shearwater Puffinus nativitatis.
Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea.
Flesh-footed Shearwater Ardenna carneipes.
Great Shearwater Ardenna gravis.
Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus.
Newell's Shearwater Puffinus newelli.
Pink-footed Shearwater Ardenna creatopus.
Short-tailed Shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris.
Sooty Shearwater Ardenna grisea.
Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas.
Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna pacifica.
Shoveler Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata.
Shrike Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus.
Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus.
Northern Shrike Lanius borealis.
Silky-Flycatcher Gray Silky-Flycatcher Ptiliogonys cinereus.
Siskin Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus.
Pine Siskin Spinus pinus.
Skimmer Black Skimmer Rynchops niger.
Skua Great Skua Stercorarius skua.
South Polar Skua Stercorarius maccormicki.
Skylark Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis.
Smew Smew Mergellus albellus.
Snipe Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago.
Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus.
Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago stenura.
Solitary Snipe Gallinago solitaria.
Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago megala.
Wilson's Snipe Gallinago delicata.
Solitaire Brown-backed Solitaire Myadestes occidentalis.
Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes townsendi.
Sora Sora Porzana carolina.
Sparrow American Tree Sparrow Spizelloides arborea.
Bachman's Sparrow Peucaea aestivalis.
Baird's Sparrow Centronyx bairdii.
Bell's Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli.
Black-chinned Sparrow Spizella atrogularis.
Black-throated Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata.
Botteri's Sparrow Peucaea botterii.
Brewer's Sparrow Spizella breweri.
Cassin's Sparrow Peucaea cassinii.
Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina.
Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella pallida.
Field Sparrow Spizella pusilla.
Five-striped Sparrow Amphispizopsis quinquestriata.
Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca.
Golden-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla.
Grasshopper Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum.
Harris's Sparrow Zonotrichia querula.
Henslow's Sparrow Centronyx henslowii.
Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus.
LeConte's Sparrow Ammospiza leconteii.
Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii.
Nelson's Sparrow Ammospiza nelsoni.
Olive Sparrow Arremonops rufivirgatus.
Rufous-crowned Sparrow Aimophila ruficeps.
Rufous-winged Sparrow Peucaea carpalis.
Sagebrush Sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis.
Saltmarsh Sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta.
Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis.
Seaside Sparrow Ammospiza maritima.
Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia.
Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana.
Vesper Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus.
White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys.
White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis.
Worthen's Sparrow Spizella wortheni.
Sparrowhawk Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter soloensis.
Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis.
Spindalis Puerto Rican Spindalis Spindalis portoricensis.
Western Spindalis Spindalis zena.
Spoonbill Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja.
Starling Chestnut-cheeked Starling Agropsar philippensis.
White-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus.
Starthroat Plain-capped Starthroat Heliomaster constantii.
Stilt Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus.
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus.
Stint Little Stint Calidris minuta.
Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta.
Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis.
Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii.
Stonechat Asian Stonechat Saxicola maurus.
Stork Wood Stork Mycteria americana.
Storm-Petrel Ashy Storm-Petrel Hydrobates homochroa.
Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Hydrobates castro.
Black Storm-Petrel Hydrobates melania.
Black-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta tropica.
European Storm-Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus.
Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Hydrobates furcatus.
Leach's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates leucorhous.
Least Storm-Petrel Hydrobates microsoma.
Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates matsudairae.
Polynesian Storm-Petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa.
Ringed Storm-Petrel Hydrobates hornbyi.
Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates monorhis.
Townsend's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates socorroensis.
Tristram's Storm-Petrel Hydrobates tristrami.
Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Hydrobates tethys.
White-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta grallaria.
White-faced Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina.
Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus.
Surfbird Surfbird Calidris virgata.
Swallow Bahama Swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis.
Bank Swallow Riparia riparia.
Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica.
Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca.
Cave Swallow Petrochelidon fulva.
Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.
Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea.
Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis.
Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor.
Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina.
Swamphen Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio.
Swan Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator.
Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus.
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus.
Swift Alpine Swift Apus melba.
Black Swift Cypseloides niger.
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica.
Common Swift Apus apus.
Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus.
Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura.
Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi.
White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris.
White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis.
Swiftlet Mariana Swiftlet Aerodramus bartschi.
White-rumped Swiftlet Aerodramus spodiopygius.
Tanager Flame-colored Tanager Piranga bidentata.
Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava.
Puerto Rican Tanager Nesospingus speculiferus.
Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea.
Summer Tanager Piranga rubra.
Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana.
Tattler Gray-tailed Tattler Tringa brevipes.
Wandering Tattler Tringa incana.
Teal Baikal Teal Sibirionetta formosa.
Blue-winged Teal Spatula discors.
Cinnamon Teal Spatula cyanoptera.
Green-winged Teal Anas crecca.
Tern Aleutian Tern Onychoprion aleuticus.
Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea.
Black Tern Chlidonias niger.
Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana.
Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus.
Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia.
Common Tern Sterna hirundo.
Elegant Tern Thalasseus elegans.
Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri.
Gray-backed Tern Onychoprion lunatus.
Great Crested Tern Thalasseus bergii.
Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica.
Inca Tern Larosterna inca.
Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex.
Least Tern Sternula antillarum.
Little Tern Sternula albifrons.
Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii.
Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus.
Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis.
Sooty Tern Onychoprion fuscatus.
Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida.
White Tern Gygis alba.
White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus.
Thrasher Bendire's Thrasher Toxostoma bendirei.
Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum.
California Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum.
Crissal Thrasher Toxostoma crissale.
Curve-billed Thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre.
LeConte's Thrasher Toxostoma lecontei.
Long-billed Thrasher Toxostoma longirostre.
Pearly-eyed Thrasher Margarops fuscatus.
Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes montanus.
Thrush Aztec Thrush Ridgwayia pinicola.
Bicknell's Thrush Catharus bicknelli.
Clay-colored Thrush Turdus grayi.
Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus.
Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus.
Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus.
Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus.
Naumann's Thrush Turdus naumanni.
Red-legged Thrush Turdus plumbeus.
Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus.
Varied Thrush Ixoreus naevius.
White-throated Thrush Turdus assimilis.
Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina.
Tiger-Heron Bare-throated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum.
Titmouse Black-crested Titmouse Baeolophus atricristatus.
Bridled Titmouse Baeolophus wollweberi.
Juniper Titmouse Baeolophus ridgwayi.
Oak Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus.
Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor.
Tityra Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata.
Towhee Abert's Towhee Melozone aberti.
California Towhee Melozone crissalis.
Canyon Towhee Melozone fusca.
Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus.
Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo chlorurus.
Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus.
Trogon Elegant Trogon Trogon elegans.
Tropicbird Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus.
Red-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda.
White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon lepturus.
Turnstone Black Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala.
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres.
Turtle-Dove Oriental Turtle-Dove Streptopelia orientalis.
Veery Veery Catharus fuscescens.
Verdin Verdin Auriparus flaviceps.
Violetear Mexican Violetear Colibri thalassinus.
Vireo Bell's Vireo Vireo bellii.
Black-capped Vireo Vireo atricapilla.
Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus.
Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius.
Cassin's Vireo Vireo cassinii.
Cuban Vireo Vireo gundlachii.
Gray Vireo Vireo vicinior.
Hutton's Vireo Vireo huttoni.
Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus.
Plumbeous Vireo Vireo plumbeus.
Puerto Rican Vireo Vireo latimeri.
Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus.
Thick-billed Vireo Vireo crassirostris.
Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus.
White-eyed Vireo Vireo griseus.
Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis.
Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons.
Yucatan Vireo Vireo magister.
Vulture Black Vulture Coragyps atratus.
Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura.
Wagtail Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola.
Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis.
Gray Wagtail Motacilla cinerea.
White Wagtail Motacilla alba.
Warbler Adelaide's Warbler Setophaga adelaidae.
Aguiguan Reed Warbler Acrocephalus nijoi.
Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis.
Bachman's Warbler Vermivora bachmanii.
Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea.
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia.
Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca.
Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata.
Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens.
Black-throated Gray Warbler Setophaga nigrescens.
Black-throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens.
Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera.
Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum.
Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis.
Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina.
Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea.
Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica.
Colima Warbler Leiothlypis crissalis.
Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis.
Crescent-chested Warbler Oreothlypis superciliosa.
Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus.
Elfin-woods Warbler Setophaga angelae.
Fan-tailed Warbler Basileuterus lachrymosus.
Golden-cheeked Warbler Setophaga chrysoparia.
Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus.
Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera.
Grace's Warbler Setophaga graciae.
Hermit Warbler Setophaga occidentalis.
Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina.
Kamchatka Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus examinandus.
Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa.
Kirtland's Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii.
Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata.
Lucy's Warbler Leiothlypis luciae.
MacGillivray's Warbler Geothlypis tolmiei.
Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia.
Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler Helopsaltes ochotensis.
Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia.
Nashville Warbler Leiothlypis ruficapilla.
Nightingale Reed Warbler Acrocephalus luscinius.
Olive Warbler Peucedramus taeniatus.
Orange-crowned Warbler Leiothlypis celata.
Pagan Reed Warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae.
Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler Helopsaltes certhiola.
Pallas's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus.
Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum.
Pine Warbler Setophaga pinus.
Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor.
Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea.
Red-faced Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons.
River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis.
Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons.
Saipan Reed Warbler Acrocephalus hiwae.
Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus.
Swainson's Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii.
Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina.
Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon.
Townsend's Warbler Setophaga townsendi.
Virginia's Warbler Leiothlypis virginiae.
Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus.
Wilson's Warbler Cardellina pusilla.
Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix.
Worm-eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum.
Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia.
Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus.
Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata.
Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga dominica.
Waterthrush Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla.
Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis.
Waxwing Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus.
Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum.
Wheatear Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe.
Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka.
Whimbrel Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus.
Whip-poor-will Eastern Whip-poor-will Antrostomus vociferus.
Mexican Whip-poor-will Antrostomus arizonae.
Whistling-Duck Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis.
Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor.
West Indian Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna arborea.
Whitethroat Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca.
Wigeon American Wigeon Mareca americana.
Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope.
Willet Willet Tringa semipalmata.
Woodcock American Woodcock Scolopax minor.
Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola.
Woodpecker Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus.
American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides dorsalis.
Arizona Woodpecker Dryobates arizonae.
Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus.
Downy Woodpecker Dryobates pubescens.
Gila Woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis.
Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons.
Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major.
Hairy Woodpecker Dryobates villosus.
Ivory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis.
Ladder-backed Woodpecker Dryobates scalaris.
Lewis's Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis.
Nuttall's Woodpecker Dryobates nuttallii.
Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus.
Puerto Rican Woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis.
Red-bellied Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker Dryobates borealis.
Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus.
White-headed Woodpecker Dryobates albolarvatus.
Wood-Pewee Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens.
Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus.
Wood-Rail Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Aramides axillaris.
Woodstar Bahama Woodstar Nesophlox evelynae.
Wren Bewick's Wren Thryomanes bewickii.
Cactus Wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus.
Canyon Wren Catherpes mexicanus.
Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus.
House Wren Troglodytes aedon.
Marsh Wren Cistothorus palustris.
Pacific Wren Troglodytes pacificus.
Rock Wren Salpinctes obsoletus.
Sedge Wren Cistothorus stellaris.
Sinaloa Wren Thryophilus sinaloa.
Winter Wren Troglodytes hiemalis.
Wrentit Wrentit Chamaea fasciata.
Wryneck Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla.
Yellowlegs Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca.
Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes.
Yellowthroat Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas.
Gray-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis poliocephala.

(2) Taxonomic listing. The table lists species in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also provide the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily.

Table 2 to Paragraph (c)(2)—Taxonomic Listing of Birds Protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act

Species scientific name Species common name
(i) Order Anseriformes
Family Anatidae
(1) Subfamily Dendrocygninae
Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna arborea West Indian Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling-Duck.
(2) Subfamily Anserinae
Anser canagicus Emperor Goose.
Anser caerulescens Snow Goose.
Anser rossii Ross's Goose.
Anser albifrons Greater White-fronted Goose.
Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose.
Anser fabalis Taiga Bean-Goose.
Anser serrirostris Tundra Bean-Goose.
Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed Goose.
Branta bernicla Brant.
Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose.
Branta hutchinsii Cackling Goose.
Branta canadensis Canada Goose.
Branta sandvicensis Hawaiian Goose.
Cygnus buccinator Trumpeter Swan.
Cygnus columbianus Tundra Swan.
Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan.
(3) Subfamily Anatinae
Cairina moschata Muscovy Duck.
Aix sponsa Wood Duck.
Sibirionetta formosa Baikal Teal.
Spatula querquedula Garganey.
Spatula discors Blue-winged Teal.
Spatula cyanoptera Cinnamon Teal.
Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler.
Mareca strepera Gadwall.
Mareca falcata Falcated Duck.
Mareca penelope Eurasian Wigeon.
Mareca americana American Wigeon.
Anas laysanensis Laysan Duck
Anas wyvilliana Hawaiian Duck.
Anas zonorhyncha Eastern Spot-billed Duck.
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard.
Anas diazi Mexican Duck.
Anas rubripes American Black Duck.
Anas fulvigula Mottled Duck.
Anas superciliosa Pacific Black Duck.
Anas bahamensis White-cheeked Pintail.
Anas acuta Northern Pintail.
Anas crecca Green-winged Teal.
Aythya valisineria Canvasback.
Aythya americana Redhead.
Aythya ferina Common Pochard.
Aythya baeri Baer's Pochard.
Aythya collaris Ring-necked Duck.
Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck.
Aythya marila Greater Scaup.
Aythya affinis Lesser Scaup.
Polysticta stelleri Steller's Eider.
Somateria fischeri Spectacled Eider.
Somateria spectabilis King Eider.
Somateria mollissima Common Eider.
Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin Duck.
Melanitta perspicillata Surf Scoter.
Melanitta deglandi White-winged Scoter.
Melanitta stejneger Stejneger's Scoter.
Melanitta nigra Common Scoter.
Melanitta americana Black Scoter.
Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck.
Bucephala albeola Bufflehead.
Bucephala clangula Common Goldeneye.
Bucephala islandica Barrow's Goldeneye.
Mergellus albellus Smew.
Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded Merganser.
Mergus merganser Common Merganser.
Mergus serrator Red-breasted Merganser.
Nomonyx dominicus Masked Duck.
Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Duck.
(ii) Order Phoenicopteriformes
Family Phoenicopteridae
Phoenicopterus ruber American Flamingo.
(iii) Order Podicipediformes
Family Podicipedidae
Tachybaptus dominicus Least Grebe.
Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed Grebe.
Podiceps auritus Horned Grebe.
Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe.
Podiceps nigricollis Eared Grebe.
Aechmophorus occidentalis Western Grebe.
Aechmophorus clarkii Clark's Grebe.
(iv) Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Patagioenas squamosa Scaly-naped Pigeon.
Patagioenas leucocephala White-crowned Pigeon.
Patagioenas flavirostris Red-billed Pigeon.
Patagioenas inornata Plain Pigeon.
Patagioenas fasciata Band-tailed Pigeon.
Streptopelia orientalis Oriental Turtle-Dove.
Alopecoenas stairi Shy Ground Dove.
Alopecoenas xanthonurus White-throated Ground Dove.
Columbina inca Inca Dove.
Columbina passerina Common Ground Dove.
Columbina talpacoti Ruddy Ground Dove.
Geotrygon montana Ruddy Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon chrysia Key West Quail-Dove.
Geotrygon mystacea Bridled Quail-Dove.
Leptotila verreauxi White-tipped Dove.
Zenaida asiatica White-winged Dove.
Zenaida aurita Zenaida Dove.
Zenaida macroura Mourning Dove.
Ptilinopus perousii Many-colored Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus porphyraceus Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove.
Ptilinopus roseicapilla Mariana Fruit-Dove.
Ducula pacifica Pacific Imperial-Pigeon.
(v) Order Cuculiformes
Family Cuculidae
(1) Subfamily Crotophaginae
Crotophaga ani Smooth-billed Ani.
Crotophaga sulcirostris Groove-billed Ani.
(2) Subfamily Neomorphinae
Geococcyx californianus Greater Roadrunner.
(3) Subfamily Cuculinae
Urodynamis taitensis Long-tailed Koel.
Hierococcyx nisicolor Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo.
Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo.
Cuculus optatus Oriental Cuckoo.
Clamator coromandus Chestnut-winged Cuckoo.
Coccyzus melacoryphus Dark-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus minor Mangrove Cuckoo.
Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo.
Coccyzus vieilloti Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo.
(vi) Order Caprimulgiformes
Family Caprimulgidae
(1) Subfamily Chordeilinae
Chordeiles acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk.
Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk.
Chordeiles gundlachii Antillean Nighthawk.
(2) Subfamily Caprimulginae
Nyctidromus albicollis Common Pauraque.
Phalaenoptilus nuttallii Common Poorwill.
Antrostomus carolinensis Chuck-will's-widow.
Antrostomus ridgwayi Buff-collared Nightjar.
Antrostomus vociferus Eastern Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus arizonae Mexican Whip-poor-will.
Antrostomus noctitherus Puerto Rican Nightjar.
Hydropsalis cayennensis White-tailed Nightjar.
Caprimulgus jotaka Gray Nightjar.
(vii) Order Apodiformes
(A) Family Apodidae
(1) Subfamily Cypseloidinae
Cypseloides niger Black Swift.
Streptoprocne zonaris White-collared Swift.
(2) Subfamily Chaeturinae
Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift.
Chaetura vauxi Vaux's Swift.
Chaetura brachyura Short-tailed Swift.
Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail.
Aerodramus spodiopygius White-rumped Swiftlet.
Aerodramus bartschi Mariana Swiftlet.
(3) Subfamily Apodinae
Apus apus Common Swift.
Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift.
Apus melba Alpine Swift.
Aeronautes saxatalis White-throated Swift.
Tachornis phoenicobia Antillean Palm-Swift.
(B) Family Trochilidae
Subfamily Trochilinae
Colibri thalassinus Mexican Violetear.
Anthracothorax prevostii Green-breasted Mango.
Anthracothorax aurulentus Puerto Rican Mango.
Anthracothorax viridis Green Mango.
Eulampis jugularis Purple-throated Carib.
Eulampis holosericeus Green-throated Carib.
Eugenes fulgens Rivoli's Hummingbird.
Heliomaster constantii Plain-capped Starthroat.
Lampornis amethystinus Amethyst-throated Mountain-gem.
Lampornis clemenciae Blue-throated Mountain-gem.
Calothorax lucifer Lucifer Hummingbird.
Archilochus colubris Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Archilochus alexandri Black-chinned Hummingbird.
Mellisuga minima Vervain Hummingbird.
Nesophlox evelynae Bahama Woodstar.
Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird.
Calypte costae Costa's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus calliope Calliope Hummingbird.
Selasphorus rufus Rufous Hummingbird.
Selasphorus sasin Allen's Hummingbird.
Selasphorus platycercus Broad-tailed Hummingbird.
Selasphorus heloisa Bumblebee Hummingbird.
Riccordia maugaeus Puerto Rican Emerald.
Cynanthus latirostris Broad-billed Hummingbird.
Basilinna leucotis White-eared Hummingbird.
Basilinna xantusii Xantus's Hummingbird.
Orthorhyncus cristatus Antillean Crested Hummingbird.
Ramosomyia violiceps Violet-crowned Hummingbird.
Saucerottia beryllina Berylline Hummingbird.
Amazilia rutila Cinnamon Hummingbird.
Amazilia yucatanensis Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
(viii) Order Gruiformes
(A) Family Rallidae
Gallirallus philippensis Buff-banded Rail.
Gallirallus owstoni Guam Rail.
Neocrex erythrops Paint-billed Crake.
Pardirallus maculatus Spotted Rail.
Aramides axillaris Rufous-necked Wood-Rail.
Rallus obsoletus Ridgway's Rail.
Rallus elegans King Rail.
Rallus crepitans Clapper Rail.
Rallus limicola Virginia Rail.
Crex crex Corn Crake.
Porzana carolina Sora.
Gallinula galeata Common Gallinule.
Gallinula chloropus Eurasian Moorhen.
Fulica atra Eurasian Coot.
Fulica alai Hawaiian Coot.
Fulica americana American Coot.
Porphyrio martinicus Purple Gallinule.
Porphyrio flavirostris Azure Gallinule.
Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen.
Porzana tabuensis Spotless Crake.
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow Rail.
Hapalocrex flaviventer Yellow-breasted Crake.
Laterallus jamaicensis Black Rail.
(B) Family Aramidae
Aramus guarauna Limpkin.
(C) Family Gruidae
Subfamily Gruinae
Antigone canadensis Sandhill Crane.
Grus grus Common Crane.
Grus monacha Hooded Crane.
Grus americana Whooping Crane.
(ix) Order Charadriiformes
(A) Family Recurvirostridae
Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt.
Himantopus mexicanus Black-necked Stilt.
Recurvirostra americana American Avocet.
(B) Family Haematopodidae
Haematopus ostralegus Eurasian Oystercatcher.
Haematopus palliatus American Oystercatcher.
Haematopus bachmani Black Oystercatcher.
(C) Family Charadriidae
(1) Subfamily Vanellinae
Vanellus vanellus Northern Lapwing.
(2) Subfamily Charadriinae
Pluvialis squatarola Black-bellied Plover.
Pluvialis apricaria European Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis dominica American Golden-Plover.
Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden-Plover.
Charadrius morinellus Eurasian Dotterel.
Charadrius vociferus Killdeer.
Charadrius hiaticula Common Ringed Plover.
Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover.
Charadrius melodus Piping Plover.
Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover.
Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sand-Plover.
Charadrius leschenaultii Greater Sand-Plover.
Charadrius wilsonia Wilson's Plover.
Charadrius collaris Collared Plover.
Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover.
Charadrius montanus Mountain Plover.
Charadrius nivosus Snowy Plover.
(D) Family Jacanidae
Jacana spinosa Northern Jacana.
(E) Family Scolopacidae
(1) Subfamily Numeniinae
Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper.
Numenius tahitiensis Bristle-thighed Curlew.
Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel.
Numenius minutus Little Curlew.
Numenius borealis Eskimo Curlew.
Numenius americanus Long-billed Curlew.
Numenius madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew.
Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew.
(2) Subfamily Limosinae
Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit.
Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit.
Limosa haemastica Hudsonian Godwit.
Limosa fedoa Marbled Godwit.
(3) Subfamily Arenariinae
Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone.
Arenaria melanocephala Black Turnstone.
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot.
Calidris canutus Red Knot.
Calidris virgata Surfbird.
Calidris pugnax Ruff.
Calidris falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
Calidris himantopus Stilt Sandpiper.
Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper.
Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint.
Calidris subminuta Long-toed Stint.
Calidris pygmea Spoon-billed Sandpiper.
Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint.
Calidris alba Sanderling.
Calidris alpina Dunlin.
Calidris ptilocnemis Rock Sandpiper.
Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper.
Calidris bairdii Baird's Sandpiper.
Calidris minuta Little Stint.
Calidris minutilla Least Sandpiper.
Calidris fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper.
Calidris subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
Calidris melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper.
Calidris pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper.
Calidris mauri Western Sandpiper.
(4) Subfamily Scolopacinae
Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher.
Limnodromus scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher.
Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe.
Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock.
Scolopax minor American Woodcock.
Gallinago solitaria Solitary Snipe.
Gallinago stenura Pin-tailed Snipe.
Gallinago megala Swinhoe's Snipe.
Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe.
Gallinago delicata Wilson's Snipe.
(5) Subfamily Tringinae
Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper.
Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper.
Actitis macularius Spotted Sandpiper.
Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper.
Tringa solitaria Solitary Sandpiper.
Tringa brevipes Gray-tailed Tattler.
Tringa incana Wandering Tattler.
Tringa flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs.
Tringa semipalmata Willet.
Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank.
Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank.
Tringa guttifer Nordmann's Greenshank.
Tringa melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs.
Tringa totanus Common Redshank.
Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper.
Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper.
Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope.
Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope.
Phalaropus fulicarius Red Phalarope.
(F) Family Stercorariidae
Stercorarius skua Great Skua.
Stercorarius maccormicki South Polar Skua.
Stercorarius pomarinus Pomarine Jaeger.
Stercorarius parasiticus Parasitic Jaeger.
Stercorarius longicaudus Long-tailed Jaeger.
(G) Family Alcidae
Alle alle Dovekie.
Uria aalge Common Murre.
Uria lomvia Thick-billed Murre.
Alca torda Razorbill.
Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot.
Cepphus columba Pigeon Guillemot.
Brachyramphus perdix Long-billed Murrelet.
Brachyramphus marmoratus Marbled Murrelet
Brachyramphus brevirostris Kittlitz's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus scrippsi Scripps's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Guadalupe Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus craveri Craveri's Murrelet.
Synthliboramphus antiquus Ancient Murrelet.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus Cassin's Auklet.
Aethia psittacula Parakeet Auklet.
Aethia pusilla Least Auklet.
Aethia pygmaea Whiskered Auklet.
Aethia cristatella Crested Auklet.
Cerorhinca monocerata Rhinoceros Auklet.
Fratercula arctica Atlantic Puffin.
Fratercula corniculata Horned Puffin.
Fratercula cirrhata Tufted Puffin.
(H) Family Laridae
(1) Subfamily Larinae
Creagrus furcatus Swallow-tailed Gull.
Rissa tridactyla Black-legged Kittiwake.
Rissa brevirostris Red-legged Kittiwake.
Pagophila eburnea Ivory Gull.
Xema sabini Sabine's Gull.
Chroicocephalus philadelphia Bonaparte's Gull.
Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Gray-hooded Gull.
Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull.
Hydrocoloeus minutus Little Gull.
Rhodostethia rosea Ross's Gull.
Leucophaeus atricilla Laughing Gull.
Leucophaeus pipixcan Franklin's Gull.
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull.
Larus belcheri Belcher's Gull.
Larus crassirostris Black-tailed Gull.
Larus heermanni Heermann's Gull.
Larus canus Common Gull.
Larus brachyrhynchus Short-billed Gull.
Larus delawarensis Ring-billed Gull.
Larus occidentalis Western Gull.
Larus livens Yellow-footed Gull.
Larus californicus California Gull.
Larus argentatus Herring Gull.
Larus michahellis Yellow-legged Gull.
Larus glaucoides Iceland Gull.
Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull.
Larus schistisagus Slaty-backed Gull.
Larus glaucescens Glaucous-winged Gull.
Larus hyperboreus Glaucous Gull.
Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull.
Larus dominicanus Kelp Gull.
(2) Subfamily Sterninae
Anous stolidus Brown Noddy.
Anous minutus Black Noddy.
Anous ceruleus Blue-gray Noddy.
Gygis alba White Tern.
Onychoprion fuscatus Sooty Tern.
Onychoprion lunatus Gray-backed Tern.
Onychoprion anaethetus Bridled Tern.
Onychoprion aleuticus Aleutian Tern.
Sternula albifrons Little Tern.
Sternula antillarum Least Tern.
Phaetusa simplex Large-billed Tern.
Gelochelidon nilotica Gull-billed Tern.
Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern.
Larosterna inca Inca Tern.
Chlidonias niger Black Tern.
Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern.
Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern.
Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern.
Sterna sumatrana Black-naped Tern.
Sterna hirundo Common Tern.
Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern.
Sterna forsteri Forster's Tern.
Thalasseus maximus Royal Tern.
Thalasseus bergii Great Crested Tern.
Thalasseus sandvicensis Sandwich Tern.
Thalasseus elegans Elegant Tern.
(3) Subfamily Rynchopinae
Rynchops niger Black Skimmer.
(x) Order Phaethontiformes
Family Phaethontidae
Phaethon lepturus White-tailed Tropicbird.
Phaethon aethereus Red-billed Tropicbird.
Phaethon rubricauda Red-tailed Tropicbird.
(xi) Order Gaviiformes
Family Gaviidae
Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon.
Gavia arctica Arctic Loon.
Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon.
Gavia immer Common Loon.
Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon.
(xii) Order Procellariiformes
(A) Family Diomedeidae
Thalassarche chlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross.
Thalassarche cauta White-capped Albatross.
Thalassarche eremita Chatham Albatross.
Thalassarche salvini Salvin's Albatross.
Thalassarche melanophris Black-browed Albatross.
Phoebetria palpebrata Light-mantled Albatross.
Diomedea exulans Wandering Albatross.
Phoebastria immutabilis Laysan Albatross.
Phoebastria nigripes Black-footed Albatross.
Phoebastria albatrus Short-tailed Albatross.
(B) Family Oceanitidae
Family Phaethontidae
Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-Petrel.
Pelagodroma marina White-faced Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta grallaria White-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Fregetta tropica Black-bellied Storm-Petrel.
Nesofregetta fuliginosa Polynesian Storm-Petrel.
(C) Family Hydrobatidae
Hydrobates pelagicus European Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates furcatus Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates hornbyi Ringed Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates monorhis Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates leucorhous Leach's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates socorroensis Townsend's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates homochroa Ashy Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates castro Band-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tethys Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates melania Black Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates matsudairae Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates tristrami Tristram's Storm-Petrel.
Hydrobates microsoma Least Storm-Petrel.
(D) Family Procellariidae
Macronectes halli Northern Giant-Petrel.
Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar.
Pterodroma gouldi Gray-faced Petrel.
Pterodroma solandri Providence Petrel.
Pterodroma neglecta Kermadec Petrel.
Pterodroma arminjoniana Trindade Petrel.
Pterodroma heraldica Herald Petrel.
Pterodroma ultima Murphy's Petrel.
Pterodroma inexpectata Mottled Petrel.
Pterodroma cahow Bermuda Petrel.
Pterodroma hasitata Black-capped Petrel.
Pterodroma externa Juan Fernandez Petrel.
Pterodroma sandwichensis Hawaiian Petrel.
Pterodroma cervicalis White-necked Petrel.
Pterodroma hypoleuca Bonin Petrel.
Pterodroma nigripennis Black-winged Petrel.
Pterodroma feae Fea's Petrel.
Pterodroma madeira Zino's Petrel.
Pterodroma cookii Cook's Petrel.
Pterodroma leucoptera Gould's Petrel.
Pterodroma longirostris Stejneger's Petrel.
Pterodroma alba Phoenix Petrel.
Pseudobulweria rostrata Tahiti Petrel.
Bulweria bulwerii Bulwer's Petrel.
Bulweria fallax Jouanin's Petrel.
Procellaria aequinoctialis White-chinned Petrel.
Procellaria parkinsoni Parkinson's Petrel.
Calonectris leucomelas Streaked Shearwater.
Calonectris diomedea Cory's Shearwater.
Calonectris edwardsii Cape Verde Shearwater.
Ardenna pacifica Wedge-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna bulleri Buller's Shearwater.
Ardenna tenuirostris Short-tailed Shearwater.
Ardenna grisea Sooty Shearwater.
Ardenna gravis Great Shearwater.
Ardenna creatopus Pink-footed Shearwater.
Ardenna carneipes Flesh-footed Shearwater.
Puffinus nativitatis Christmas Shearwater.
Puffinus puffinus Manx Shearwater.
Puffinus newelli Newell's Shearwater.
Puffinus bryani Bryan's Shearwater.
Puffinus opisthomelas Black-vented Shearwater.
Puffinus lherminieri Audubon's Shearwater.
Puffinus baroli Barolo Shearwater.
(xiii) Order Ciconiiformes
Family Ciconiidae
Jabiru mycteria Jabiru.
Mycteria americana Wood Stork.
(xiv) Order Suliformes
(A) Family Fregatidae
Fregata ariel Lesser Frigatebird.
Fregata magnificens Magnificent Frigatebird.
Fregata minor Great Frigatebird.
(B) Family Sulidae
Sula dactylatra Masked Booby.
Sula granti Nazca Booby.
Sula nebouxii Blue-footed Booby.
Sula leucogaster Brown Booby.
Sula sula Red-footed Booby.
Papasula abbotti Abbott's Booby.
Morus bassanus Northern Gannet.
(C) Family Anhingidae
Anhinga anhinga Anhinga.
(D) Family Phalacrocoracidae
Microcarbo melanoleucos Little Pied Cormorant.
Urile penicillatus Brandt's Cormorant.
Urile urile Red-faced Cormorant.
Urile pelagicus Pelagic Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant.
Nannopterum auritum Double-crested Cormorant.
Nannopterum brasilianum Neotropic Cormorant.
(xv) Order Pelecaniformes
(A) Family Pelecanidae
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American White Pelican.
Pelecanus occidentalis Brown Pelican.
(B) Family Ardeidae
Botaurus lentiginosus American Bittern.
Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern.
Ixobrychus exilis Least Bittern.
Ixobrychus eurhythmus Schrenck's Bittern.
Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern.
Tigrisoma mexicanum Bare-throated Tiger-Heron.
Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron.
Ardea cinerea Gray Heron.
Ardea alba Great Egret.
Ardea intermedia Intermediate Egret.
Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret.
Egretta garzetta Little Egret.
Egretta sacra Pacific Reef-Heron.
Egretta gularis Western Reef-Heron.
Egretta thula Snowy Egret.
Egretta caerulea Little Blue Heron.
Egretta tricolor Tricolored Heron.
Egretta rufescens Reddish Egret.
Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret.
Ardeola bacchus Chinese Pond-Heron.
Butorides virescens Green Heron.
Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night-Heron.
Nycticorax caledonicus Nankeen Night-Heron.
Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned Night-Heron.
Gorsachius goisagi Japanese Night-Heron.
Gorsachius melanolophus Malayan Night-Heron.
(C) Family Threskiornithidae
(1) Subfamily Threskiornithinae
Eudocimus albus White Ibis.
Eudocimus ruber Scarlet Ibis.
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis.
Plegadis chihi White-faced Ibis.
(2) Subfamily Plataleinae
Platalea ajaja Roseate Spoonbill.
(xvi) Order Carthartiformes
Family Cathartidae
Gymnogyps californianus California Condor.
Coragyps atratus Black Vulture.
Cathartes aura Turkey Vulture.
(xvii) Order Accipitriformes
(A) Family Pandionidae
Pandion haliaetus Osprey.
(B) Family Accipitridae
(1) Subfamily Elaninae
Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite.
(2) Subfamily Gypaetinae
Chondrohierax uncinatus Hook-billed Kite.
Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed Kite.
(3) Subfamily Accipitrinae
Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle.
Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite.
Circus hudsonius Northern Harrier.
Circus spilonotus Eastern Marsh-Harrier.
Accipiter soloensis Chinese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter gularis Japanese Sparrowhawk.
Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Accipiter cooperii Cooper's Hawk.
Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk.
Milvus migrans Black Kite.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle.
Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle.
Haliaeetus pelagicus Steller's Sea-Eagle.
Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite.
Butastur indicus Gray-faced Buzzard.
Geranospiza caerulescens Crane Hawk.
Rostrhamus sociabilis Snail Kite.
Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black Hawk.
Buteogallus urubitinga Great Black Hawk.
Rupornis magnirostris Roadside Hawk.
Parabuteo unicinctus Harris's Hawk.
Geranoaetus albicaudatus White-tailed Hawk.
Buteo plagiatus Gray Hawk.
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk.
Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk.
Buteo solitarius Hawaiian Hawk.
Buteo brachyurus Short-tailed Hawk.
Buteo swainsoni Swainson's Hawk.
Buteo albonotatus Zone-tailed Hawk.
Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk.
Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk.
Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk.
Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard.
(xviii) Order Strigiformes
(A) Family Tytonidae
Tyto alba Barn Owl.
(B) Family Strigidae
Otus sunia Oriental Scops-Owl.
Psiloscops flammeolus Flammulated Owl.
Gymnasio nudipes Puerto Rican Owl.
Megascops trichopsis Whiskered Screech-Owl.
Megascops kennicottii Western Screech-Owl.
Megascops asio Eastern Screech-Owl.
Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl.
Bubo scandiacus Snowy Owl.
Surnia ulula Northern Hawk Owl.
Glaucidium gnoma Northern Pygmy-Owl.
Glaucidium brasilianum Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl.
Micrathene whitneyi Elf Owl.
Athene cunicularia Burrowing Owl.
Strix occidentalis Spotted Owl.
Strix varia Barred Owl.
Strix virgata Mottled Owl.
Strix nebulosa Great Gray Owl.
Asio otus Long-eared Owl.
Asio stygius Stygian Owl.
Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl.
Aegolius funereus Boreal Owl.
Aegolius acadicus Northern Saw-whet Owl.
Ninox japonica Northern Boobook.
(xix) Order Trogoniformes
Family Trogonidae
Subfamily Trogoninae
Trogon elegans Elegant Trogon.
Euptilotis neoxenus Eared Quetzal.
(xx) Order Upupiformes
Family Upupidae
Upupa epops Eurasian Hoopoe.
(xxi) Order Coraciiformes
Family Alcedinidae
(1) Subfamily Alcedininae
Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher.
(2) Subfamily Halcyoninae
Todiramphus sacer Pacific Kingfisher.
Todiramphus cinnamominus Guam Kingfisher.
Todiramphus albicilla Mariana Kingfisher.
(3) Subfamily Cerylinae
Megaceryle torquata Ringed Kingfisher.
Megaceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle amazona Amazon Kingfisher.
Chloroceryle americana Green Kingfisher.
(xxii) Order Piciformes
Family Picidae
(1) Subfamily Jynginae
Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck.
(2) Subfamily Picinae
Melanerpes lewis Lewis's Woodpecker.
Melanerpes portoricensis Puerto Rican Woodpecker.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Red-headed Woodpecker.
Melanerpes formicivorus Acorn Woodpecker.
Melanerpes uropygialis Gila Woodpecker.
Melanerpes aurifrons Golden-fronted Woodpecker.
Melanerpes carolinus Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus Williamson's Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus varius Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus nuchalis Red-naped Sapsucker.
Sphyrapicus ruber Red-breasted Sapsucker.
Picoides dorsalis American Three-toed Woodpecker.
Picoides arcticus Black-backed Woodpecker.
Dendrocopos major Great Spotted Woodpecker.
Dryobates pubescens Downy Woodpecker.
Dryobates nuttallii Nuttall's Woodpecker.
Dryobates scalaris Ladder-backed Woodpecker.
Dryobates borealis Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
Dryobates villosus Hairy Woodpecker.
Dryobates albolarvatus White-headed Woodpecker.
Dryobates arizonae Arizona Woodpecker.
Colaptes auratus Northern Flicker.
Colaptes chrysoides Gilded Flicker.
Dryocopus pileatus Pileated Woodpecker.
Campephilus principalis Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
(xxiii) Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
(1) Subfamily Herpetotherinae
Micrastur semitorquatus Collared Forest-Falcon.
(2) Subfamily Falconinae
Caracara plancus Crested Caracara.
Falco tinnunculus Eurasian Kestrel.
Falco sparverius American Kestrel.
Falco vespertinus Red-footed Falcon.
Falco amurensis Amur Falcon.
Falco columbarius Merlin.
Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby.
Falco femoralis Aplomado Falcon.
Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon.
Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon.
Falco mexicanus Prairie Falcon.
(xxiv) Order Passeriformes
(A) Family Tityridae
Tityra semifasciata Masked Tityra.
Pachyramphus major Gray-collared Becard.
Pachyramphus aglaiae Rose-throated Becard.
(B) Family Tyrannidae
(1) Subfamily Elaeniinae
Camptostoma imberbe Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet.
Myiopagis viridicata Greenish Elaenia.
Elaenia martinica Caribbean Elaenia.
Elaenia albiceps White-crested Elaenia.
Elaenia parvirostris Small-billed Elaenia.
(2) Subfamily Tyranninae
Myiarchus tuberculifer Dusky-capped Flycatcher.
Myiarchus cinerascens Ash-throated Flycatcher.
Myiarchus nuttingi Nutting's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus crinitus Great Crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus tyrannulus Brown-crested Flycatcher.
Myiarchus sagrae La Sagra's Flycatcher.
Myiarchus antillarum Puerto Rican Flycatcher.
Pitangus sulphuratus Great Kiskadee.
Myiozetetes similis Social Flycatcher.
Myiodynastes luteiventris Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.
Legatus leucophaius Piratic Flycatcher.
Empidonomus varius Variegated Flycatcher.
Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus Crowned Slaty Flycatcher.
Tyrannus melancholicus Tropical Kingbird.
Tyrannus couchii Couch's Kingbird.
Tyrannus vociferans Cassin's Kingbird.
Tyrannus crassirostris Thick-billed Kingbird.
Tyrannus verticalis Western Kingbird.
Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern Kingbird.
Tyrannus dominicensis Gray Kingbird.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus Loggerhead Kingbird.
Tyrannus forficatus Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.
Tyrannus savana Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
(3) Subfamily Fluvicolinae
Mitrephanes phaeocercus Tufted Flycatcher.
Contopus cooperi Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Contopus pertinax Greater Pewee.
Contopus sordidulus Western Wood-Pewee.
Contopus virens Eastern Wood-Pewee.
Contopus caribaeus Cuban Pewee.
Contopus hispaniolensis Hispaniolan Pewee.
Contopus latirostris Lesser Antillean Pewee.
Empidonax flaviventris Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Empidonax virescens Acadian Flycatcher.
Empidonax alnorum Alder Flycatcher.
Empidonax traillii Willow Flycatcher.
Empidonax minimus Least Flycatcher.
Empidonax hammondii Hammond's Flycatcher.
Empidonax wrightii Gray Flycatcher.
Empidonax oberholseri Dusky Flycatcher.
Empidonax affinis Pine Flycatcher.
Empidonax difficilis Pacific-slope Flycatcher.
Empidonax occidentalis Cordilleran Flycatcher.
Empidonax fulvifrons Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
Sayornis nigricans Black Phoebe.
Sayornis phoebe Eastern Phoebe.
Sayornis saya Say's Phoebe.
Pyrocephalus rubinus Vermilion Flycatcher.
(C) Family Vireonidae
Vireo atricapilla Black-capped Vireo.
Vireo griseus White-eyed Vireo.
Vireo crassirostris Thick-billed Vireo.
Vireo gundlachii Cuban Vireo.
Vireo latimeri Puerto Rican Vireo.
Vireo bellii Bell's Vireo.
Vireo vicinior Gray Vireo.
Vireo huttoni Hutton's Vireo.
Vireo flavifrons Yellow-throated Vireo.
Vireo cassinii Cassin's Vireo.
Vireo solitarius Blue-headed Vireo.
Vireo plumbeus Plumbeous Vireo.
Vireo philadelphicus Philadelphia Vireo.
Vireo gilvus Warbling Vireo.
Vireo olivaceus Red-eyed Vireo.
Vireo flavoviridis Yellow-green Vireo.
Vireo altiloquus Black-whiskered Vireo.
Vireo magister Yucatan Vireo.
(D) Family Laniidae
Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike.
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike.
Lanius borealis Northern Shrike.
(E) Family Corvidae
Perisoreus canadensis Canada Jay.
Psilorhinus morio Brown Jay.
Cyanocorax yncas Green Jay.
Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Pinyon Jay.
Cyanocitta stelleri Steller's Jay.
Cyanocitta cristata Blue Jay.
Aphelocoma coerulescens Florida Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma insularis Island Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma californica California Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma woodhouseii Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay.
Aphelocoma wollweberi Mexican Jay.
Nucifraga columbiana Clark's Nutcracker.
Pica hudsonia Black-billed Magpie.
Pica nuttalli Yellow-billed Magpie.
Corvus monedula Eurasian Jackdaw.
Corvus kubaryi Mariana Crow.
Corvus brachyrhynchos American Crow.
Corvus leucognaphalus White-necked Crow.
Corvus imparatus Tamaulipas Crow.
Corvus ossifragus Fish Crow.
Corvus hawaiiensis Hawaiian Crow.
Corvus cryptoleucus Chihuahuan Raven.
Corvus corax Common Raven.
(F) Family Remizidae
Auriparus flaviceps Verdin.
(G) Family Paridae
Poecile carolinensis Carolina Chickadee.
Poecile atricapillus Black-capped Chickadee.
Poecile gambeli Mountain Chickadee.
Poecile sclateri Mexican Chickadee.
Poecile rufescens Chestnut-backed Chickadee.
Poecile hudsonicus Boreal Chickadee.
Poecile cinctus Gray-headed Chickadee.
Baeolophus wollweberi Bridled Titmouse.
Baeolophus inornatus Oak Titmouse.
Baeolophus ridgwayi Juniper Titmouse.
Baeolophus bicolor Tufted Titmouse.
Baeolophus atricristatus Black-crested Titmouse.
(H) Family Alaudidae
Alauda arvensis Eurasian Skylark.
Eremophila alpestris Horned Lark.
(I) Family Acrocephalidae
Arundinax aedon Thick-billed Warbler.
Acrocephalus luscinius Nightingale Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus hiwae Saipan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus nijoi Aguiguan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus yamashinae Pagan Reed Warbler.
Acrocephalus familiaris Millerbird.
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler.
Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed Warbler.
(J) Family Locustellidae
Helopsaltes certhiola Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler.
Helopsaltes ochotensis Middendorff's Grasshopper Warbler.
Locustella lanceolata Lanceolated Warbler.
Locustella fluviatilis River Warbler.
(K) Family Hirundinidae
Subfamily Hirundininae
Riparia riparia Bank Swallow.
Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow.
Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Bahama Swallow.
Tachycineta thalassina Violet-green Swallow.
Tachycineta albilinea Mangrove Swallow.
Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Blue-and-white Swallow.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow.
Progne tapera Brown-chested Martin.
Progne subis Purple Martin.
Progne elegans Southern Martin.
Progne chalybea Gray-breasted Martin.
Progne cryptoleuca Cuban Martin.
Progne dominicensis Caribbean Martin.
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow.
Delichon urbicum Common House-Martin.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Cliff Swallow.
Petrochelidon fulva Cave Swallow.
(L) Family Aegithalidae
Psaltriparus minimus Bushtit.
(M) Family Phylloscopidae
Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler.
Phylloscopus collybita Common Chiffchaff.
Phylloscopus sibilatrix Wood Warbler.
Phylloscopus fuscatus Dusky Warbler.
Phylloscopus proregulus Pallas's Leaf Warbler.
Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed Warbler.
Phylloscopus borealis Arctic Warbler.
Phylloscopus examinandus Kamchatka Leaf Warbler.
(N) Family Sylviidae
Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat.
Chamaea fasciata Wrentit.
(O) Family Regulidae
Corthylio calendula Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
Regulus satrapa Golden-crowned Kinglet.
(P) Family Bombycillidae
Bombycilla garrulus Bohemian Waxwing.
Bombycilla cedrorum Cedar Waxwing.
(Q) Family Ptiliogonatidae
Ptiliogonys cinereus Gray Silky-flycatcher.
Phainopepla nitens Phainopepla.
(R) Family Sittidae
Subfamily Sittinae
Sitta canadensis Red-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta carolinensis White-breasted Nuthatch.
Sitta pygmaea Pygmy Nuthatch.
Sitta pusilla Brown-headed Nuthatch.
(S) Family Certhiidae
Subfamily Certhiinae
Certhia americana Brown Creeper.
(T) Family Polioptilidae
Polioptila caerulea Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila melanura Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila californica California Gnatcatcher.
Polioptila nigriceps Black-capped Gnatcatcher.
(U) Family Troglodytidae
Salpinctes obsoletus Rock Wren.
Catherpes mexicanus Canyon Wren.
Thryophilus sinaloa Sinaloa Wren.
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Cactus Wren.
Thryomanes bewickii Bewick's Wren.
Thryothorus ludovicianus Carolina Wren.
Troglodytes aedon House Wren.
Troglodytes pacificus Pacific Wren.
Troglodytes hiemalis Winter Wren.
Cistothorus stellaris Sedge Wren.
Cistothorus palustris Marsh Wren.
(V) Family Mimidae
Melanotis caerulescens Blue Mockingbird.
Melanoptila glabrirostris Black Catbird.
Dumetella carolinensis Gray Catbird.
Margarops fuscatus Pearly-eyed Thrasher.
Toxostoma curvirostre Curve-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma rufum Brown Thrasher.
Toxostoma longirostre Long-billed Thrasher.
Toxostoma bendirei Bendire's Thrasher.
Toxostoma redivivum California Thrasher.
Toxostoma lecontei LeConte's Thrasher.
Toxostoma crissale Crissal Thrasher.
Oreoscoptes montanus Sage Thrasher.
Mimus gundlachii Bahama Mockingbird.
Mimus polyglottos Northern Mockingbird.
(W) Family Sturnidae
Agropsar philippensis Chestnut-cheeked Starling.
Spodiopsar cineraceus White-cheeked Starling.
(X) Family Cinclidae
Cinclus mexicanus American Dipper.
(Y) Family Turdidae
Sialia sialis Eastern Bluebird.
Sialia mexicana Western Bluebird.
Sialia currucoides Mountain Bluebird.
Myadestes townsendi Townsend's Solitaire.
Myadestes occidentalis Brown-backed Solitaire.
Myadestes myadestinus Kāma'o.
Myadestes lanaiensis Oloma'o.
Myadestes obscurus 'Ōma'o.
Myadestes palmeri Puaiohi.
Catharus aurantiirostris Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush.
Catharus mexicanus Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush.
Catharus fuscescens Veery.
Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Catharus bicknelli Bicknell's Thrush.
Catharus ustulatus Swainson's Thrush.
Catharus guttatus Hermit Thrush.
Hylocichla mustelina Wood Thrush.
Turdus obscurus Eyebrowed Thrush.
Turdus eunomus Dusky Thrush.
Turdus naumanni Naumann's Thrush.
Turdus pilaris Fieldfare.
Turdus iliacus Redwing.
Turdus grayi Clay-colored Thrush.
Turdus assimilis White-throated Thrush.
Turdus rufopalliatus Rufous-backed Robin.
Turdus migratorius American Robin.
Turdus plumbeus Red-legged Thrush.
Ixoreus naevius Varied Thrush.
Ridgwayia pinicola Aztec Thrush.
(Z) Family Muscicapidae
Muscicapa griseisticta Gray-streaked Flycatcher.
Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher.
Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher.
Muscicapa sibirica Dark-sided Flycatcher.
Erithacus rubecula European Robin.
Larvivora cyane Siberian Blue Robin.
Larvivora sibilans Rufous-tailed Robin.
Cyanecula svecica Bluethroat.
Calliope calliope Siberian Rubythroat.
Tarsiger cyanurus Red-flanked Bluetail.
Ficedula narcissina Narcissus Flycatcher.
Ficedula mugimaki Mugimaki Flycatcher.
Ficedula albicilla Taiga Flycatcher.
Phoenicurus phoenicurus Common Redstart.
Saxicola maurus Asian Stonechat.
Oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear.
Oenanthe pleschanka Pied Wheatear.
Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-Thrush.
(AA) Family Peucedramidae
Peucedramus taeniatus Olive Warbler.
(BB) Family Prunellidae
Prunella montanella Siberian Accentor.
(CC) Family Motacillidae
Motacilla tschutschensis Eastern Yellow Wagtail.
Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail.
Motacilla cinerea Gray Wagtail.
Motacilla alba White Wagtail.
Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit.
Anthus hodgsoni Olive-backed Pipit.
Anthus gustavi Pechora Pipit.
Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit.
Anthus rubescens American Pipit.
Anthus spragueii Sprague's Pipit.
(DD) Family Fringillidae
(1) Subfamily Fringillinae
Fringilla coelebs Common Chaffinch.
Fringilla montifringilla Brambling.
(2) Subfamily Euphoniinae
Chlorophonia musica Antillean Euphonia.
(3) Subfamily Carduelinae
Coccothraustes vespertinus Evening Grosbeak.
Coccothraustes coccothraustes Hawfinch.
Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch.
Carpodacus roseus Pallas's Rosefinch.
Melamprosops phaeosoma Po'ouli.
Oreomystis bairdi 'Akikiki.
Paroreomyza maculata O'ahu 'Alauahio.
Paroreomyza flammea Kākāwahie.
Paroreomyza montana Maui 'Alauahio.
Loxioides bailleui Palila.
Telespiza cantans Laysan Finch.
Telespiza ultima Nihoa Finch.
Palmeria dolei 'Akohekohe.
Himatione fraithii Laysan Honeycreeper.
Himatione sanguinea 'Apapane.
Drepanis coccinea 'I'iwi.
Psittirostra psittacea 'Ō'ū.
Pseudonestor xanthophrys Maui Parrotbill.
Hemignathus hanapepe Kauai Nukupu'u.
Hemignathus lucidus O'ahu Nukupu'u.
Hemignathus affinis Maui Nukupu'u.
Hemignathus wilsoni 'Akiapola'au.
Akialoa stejnegeri Kauai 'Akialoa.
Akialoa ellisiana O'ahu 'Akialoa.
Akialoa lanaiensis Maui Nui 'Akialoa.
Magumma parva 'Anianiau.
Chlorodrepanis virens Hawaii 'Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis flava O'ahu 'Amakihi.
Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri Kaua'i 'Amakihi.
Loxops mana Hawaii Creeper.
Loxops caeruleirostris 'Akeke'e.
Loxops wolstenholmei O'ahu 'Akepa.
Loxops ochraceus Maui 'Akepa.
Loxops coccineus Hawaii 'Akepa.
Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula Eurasian Bullfinch.
Leucosticte arctoa Asian Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte tephrocotis Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte atrata Black Rosy-Finch.
Leucosticte australis Brown-capped Rosy-Finch.
Haemorhous mexicanus House Finch.
Haemorhous purpureus Purple Finch.
Haemorhous cassinii Cassin's Finch.
Chloris sinica Oriental Greenfinch.
Acanthis flammea Common Redpoll.
Acanthis hornemanni Hoary Redpoll.
Loxia curvirostra Red Crossbill.
Loxia sinesciuris Cassia Crossbill.
Loxia leucoptera White-winged Crossbill.
Spinus spinus Eurasian Siskin.
Spinus pinus Pine Siskin.
Spinus psaltria Lesser Goldfinch.
Spinus lawrencei Lawrence's Goldfinch.
Spinus tristis American Goldfinch.
(EE) Family Calcariidae
Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Longspur.
Calcarius ornatus Chestnut-collared Longspur.
Calcarius pictus Smith's Longspur.
Rhynchophanes mccownii Thick-billed Longspur.
Plectrophenax nivalis Snow Bunting.
Plectrophenax hyperboreus McKay's Bunting.
(FF) Family Emberizidae
Emberiza leucocephalos Pine Bunting.
Emberiza chrysophrys Yellow-browed Bunting.
Emberiza pusilla Little Bunting.
Emberiza rustica Rustic Bunting.
Emberiza elegans Yellow-throated Bunting.
Emberiza aureola Yellow-breasted Bunting.
Emberiza variabilis Gray Bunting.
Emberiza pallasi Pallas's Bunting.
Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting.
(GG) Family Passerellidae
Peucaea carpalis Rufous-winged Sparrow.
Peucaea botterii Botteri's Sparrow.
Peucaea cassinii Cassin's Sparrow.
Peucaea aestivalis Bachman's Sparrow.
Ammodramus savannarum Grasshopper Sparrow.
Arremonops rufivirgatus Olive Sparrow.
Amphispizopsis quinquestriata Five-striped Sparrow.
Amphispiza bilineata Black-throated Sparrow.
Chondestes grammacus Lark Sparrow.
Calamospiza melanocorys Lark Bunting.
Spizella passerina Chipping Sparrow.
Spizella pallida Clay-colored Sparrow.
Spizella atrogularis Black-chinned Sparrow.
Spizella pusilla Field Sparrow.
Spizella breweri Brewer's Sparrow.
Spizella wortheni Worthen's Sparrow.
Passerella iliaca Fox Sparrow.
Spizelloides arborea American Tree Sparrow.
Junco hyemalis Dark-eyed Junco.
Junco phaeonotus Yellow-eyed Junco.
Zonotrichia leucophrys White-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia atricapilla Golden-crowned Sparrow.
Zonotrichia querula Harris's Sparrow.
Zonotrichia albicollis White-throated Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza nevadensis Sagebrush Sparrow.
Artemisiospiza belli Bell's Sparrow.
Pooecetes gramineus Vesper Sparrow.
Ammospiza leconteii LeConte's Sparrow.
Ammospiza maritima Seaside Sparrow.
Ammospiza nelsoni Nelson's Sparrow.
Ammospiza caudacuta Saltmarsh Sparrow.
Centronyx bairdii Baird's Sparrow.
Centronyx henslowii Henslow's Sparrow.
Passerculus sandwichensis Savannah Sparrow.
Melospiza melodia Song Sparrow.
Melospiza lincolnii Lincoln's Sparrow.
Melospiza georgiana Swamp Sparrow.
Melozone fusca Canyon Towhee.
Melozone aberti Abert's Towhee.
Melozone crissalis California Towhee.
Aimophila ruficeps Rufous-crowned Sparrow.
Pipilo chlorurus Green-tailed Towhee.
Pipilo maculatus Spotted Towhee.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern Towhee.
(HH) Family Nesospingidae
Nesospingus speculiferus Puerto Rican Tanager.
(II) Family Spindalidae
Spindalis zena Western Spindalis.
Spindalis portoricensis Puerto Rican Spindalis.
(JJ) Family Icteridae
Icteria virens Yellow-breasted Chat.
(1) Subfamily Xanthocephalinae
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Yellow-headed Blackbird.
(2) Subfamily Dolichonychinae
Dolichonyx oryzivorus Bobolink.
(3) Subfamily Sturnellinae
Sturnella lilianae Chihuahuan Meadowlark.
Sturnella magna Eastern Meadowlark.
Sturnella neglecta Western Meadowlark.
(4) Subfamily Icterinae
Icterus portoricensis Puerto Rican Oriole.
Icterus wagleri Black-vented Oriole.
Icterus spurius Orchard Oriole.
Icterus cucullatus Hooded Oriole.
Icterus pustulatus Streak-backed Oriole.
Icterus bullockii Bullock's Oriole.
Icterus gularis Altamira Oriole.
Icterus graduacauda Audubon's Oriole.
Icterus galbula Baltimore Oriole.
Icterus abeillei Black-backed Oriole.
Icterus parisorum Scott's Oriole.
(5) Subfamily Agelaiinae
Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged Blackbird.
Agelaius tricolor Tricolored Blackbird.
Agelaius humeralis Tawny-shouldered Blackbird.
Agelaius xanthomus Yellow-shouldered Blackbird.
Molothrus bonariensis Shiny Cowbird.
Molothrus aeneus Bronzed Cowbird.
Molothrus ater Brown-headed Cowbird.
Euphagus carolinus Rusty Blackbird.
Euphagus cyanocephalus Brewer's Blackbird.
Quiscalus quiscula Common Grackle.
Quiscalus major Boat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus mexicanus Great-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus niger Greater Antillean Grackle.
(KK) Family Parulidae
Seiurus aurocapilla Ovenbird.
Helmitheros vermivorum Worm-eating Warbler.
Parkesia motacilla Louisiana Waterthrush.
Parkesia noveboracensis Northern Waterthrush.
Vermivora bachmanii Bachman's Warbler.
Vermivora chrysoptera Golden-winged Warbler.
Vermivora cyanoptera Blue-winged Warbler.
Mniotilta varia Black-and-white Warbler.
Protonotaria citrea Prothonotary Warbler.
Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's Warbler.
Oreothlypis superciliosa Crescent-chested Warbler.
Leiothlypis peregrina Tennessee Warbler.
Leiothlypis celata Orange-crowned Warbler.
Leiothlypis crissalis Colima Warbler.
Leiothlypis luciae Lucy's Warbler.
Leiothlypis ruficapilla Nashville Warbler.
Leiothlypis virginiae Virginia's Warbler.
Oporornis agilis Connecticut Warbler.
Geothlypis poliocephala Gray-crowned Yellowthroat.
Geothlypis tolmiei MacGillivray's Warbler.
Geothlypis philadelphia Mourning Warbler.
Geothlypis formosa Kentucky Warbler.
Geothlypis trichas Common Yellowthroat.
Setophaga angelae Elfin-woods Warbler.
Setophaga citrina Hooded Warbler.
Setophaga ruticilla American Redstart.
Setophaga kirtlandii Kirtland's Warbler.
Setophaga tigrina Cape May Warbler.
Setophaga cerulea Cerulean Warbler.
Setophaga americana Northern Parula.
Setophaga pitiayumi Tropical Parula.
Setophaga magnolia Magnolia Warbler.
Setophaga castanea Bay-breasted Warbler.
Setophaga fusca Blackburnian Warbler.
Setophaga petechia Yellow Warbler.
Setophaga pensylvanica Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Setophaga striata Blackpoll Warbler.
Setophaga caerulescens Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Setophaga palmarum Palm Warbler.
Setophaga pinus Pine Warbler.
Setophaga coronata Yellow-rumped Warbler.
Setophaga dominica Yellow-throated Warbler.
Setophaga discolor Prairie Warbler.
Setophaga adelaidae Adelaide's Warbler.
Setophaga graciae Grace's Warbler.
Setophaga nigrescens Black-throated Gray Warbler.
Setophaga townsendi Townsend's Warbler.
Setophaga occidentalis Hermit Warbler.
Setophaga chrysoparia Golden-cheeked Warbler.
Setophaga virens Black-throated Green Warbler.
Basileuterus lachrymosus Fan-tailed Warbler.
Basileuterus rufifrons Rufous-capped Warbler.
Basileuterus culicivorus Golden-crowned Warbler.
Cardellina canadensis Canada Warbler.
Cardellina pusilla Wilson's Warbler.
Cardellina rubrifrons Red-faced Warbler.
Myioborus pictus Painted Redstart.
Myioborus miniatus Slate-throated Redstart.
(LL) Family Cardinalidae
Piranga flava Hepatic Tanager.
Piranga rubra Summer Tanager.
Piranga olivacea Scarlet Tanager.
Piranga ludoviciana Western Tanager.
Piranga bidentata Flame-colored Tanager.
Rhodothraupis celaeno Crimson-collared Grosbeak.
Cardinalis cardinalis Northern Cardinal.
Cardinalis sinuatus Pyrrhuloxia.
Pheucticus chrysopeplus Yellow Grosbeak.
Pheucticus ludovicianus Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Pheucticus melanocephalus Black-headed Grosbeak.
Cyanocompsa parellina Blue Bunting.
Passerina caerulea Blue Grosbeak.
Passerina amoena Lazuli Bunting.
Passerina cyanea Indigo Bunting.
Passerina versicolor Varied Bunting.
Passerina ciris Painted Bunting.
Spiza americana Dickcissel.
(MM) Family Thraupidae
(1) Subfamily Dacninae
Cyanerpes cyaneus Red-legged Honeycreeper.
(2) Subfamily Coerebinae
Coereba flaveola Bananaquit.
Tiaris olivaceus Yellow-faced Grassquit.
Melopyrrha portoricensis Puerto Rican Bullfinch.
Melanospiza bicolor Black-faced Grassquit.
(3) Subfamily Sporophilinae
Sporophila morelleti Morelet's Seedeater.
[78 FR 65850, Nov. 1, 2013, as amended at 85 FR 21290, Apr. 16, 2020; 88 FR 49317, July 31, 2023]